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I. Style
Time Order

When you tell a story, it is important to put the events in a clear order so your reader can understand easily. Use these words to help with time order:
Time Order Words

First, Then, Next, Later, finally,

These time words usually come at the beginning of the sentence.

Example: Lindberg decided to enter Orteig’s contest. First, he needed to build a light
weight airplane. Then, ………

Use finally for the last sentence in your paragraph.
__________________________________________________ ______________________________________
Complete the paragraph with appropriate time order words. More than
on answer is possible.

Lindberg planned his flight very carefully. __________ , he took off from Roosevelt
Field in New York at 7:45 A.M. and flew towards Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
______________, Lindberg traveled over the dark Atlantic Ocean toward Europe. People
in Ireland saw his plane in the sky. ____________ , he flew over the Eiffel Tower.
_____________ , he landed in Le Bourger Field near Paris at 10:24 P. M. When he got
out of his plane, thousands of people welcomed him to France.

Describing a Place Using Spatial Order

Spatial Order means organizing ideas by location or place. For example, you can go from left to right, up or down, or around or across.

Use preposition to show location:

Across (from), around the corner (from), behind, between, in front of,
next to, on, on the left, on the right, to the left (of), to the right (of)

When you describe a place with spatial order, your reader will understand you more easily.
__________________________________________________ ______________________________________
Write a short paragraph that describes one of the following places.
Use Spatial order and there is / there are.

1. Part of a street in your neighborhood or city

2. Your classroom

3. Your bedroom

4. Your favorite room in your home






Prefixes



- For example:
( resend \ unpopular \ misunderstood \ bicycle \ telephone \ uniform \ multicolour )

Punctuation
Periods .
- To end a sentence. * I am a student.
* I made 1.5 million riyals last year.
Commas ,
- To separate parts of a sentence. * I had many donuts, but then my baby sister ate them all.
* I bought some apples, oranges, grapes, and bananas.
* The population in Saudi Arabia is about 27,000,000.
Question Marks ? - To end a question. * Do you have a pencil I could use?
Colons : - To introduce a list especially if the list has long items. * Muslims pray five times a day: Fajr, Duhur, Asir, Magrb, and Isha.
Semicolons ; - Instead of a period if two statements are very closely related. * Some people enjoy staying at home; others like to go out.
Quotation Marks “ ” - To report exactly what someone said.
- Around words or expressions that the reader might not understand. * My brother said, “I want to go to sleep”.
* During Hajj, Muslims walk around the “Kaaba”.
Apostrophe - To show possessions.
- In contractions. * This is Rama’s room.
* Don’t smoke when you are around children.
Parentheses ( ) - Around definitions, background information, and examples. * I am from K.S.A (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia).
Exclamation Point ! - At the end of sentences to show a lot of feeling. * I’m so excited now that I have finally graduated!


Expressing Likes and Dislikes








Expressing Opinions and Agreeing or Disagreeing














II. Grammar

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Actions in the past that took place never, once, several times or regularly. (see also: signal words)
also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.
Form of Simple Past
Positive Negative Question
no differences I spoke. I did not speak. Did I speak?
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’
Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example
after a final e only add d love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted
travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried


Write positive sentences in simple past.
1. we / in London / live
2. I / hungry / be
3. they // the question / answer
Write questions in simple past.( yes / No)
1. Anna / the window / open
2. you / in the garden / work
3. you / a song / sing

Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past).
1. Last year I (spend) my holiday in Ireland.
2. It (be) great.
3. I (travel) around by car with two friends and we (visit) lots of interesting places.
4. In the evenings we usually (go) to a pub.
5. One night we even (learn) some Irish dances.
6. We (be) very lucky with the weather.
7. It (not / rain) a lot.
8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

Complete the sentences with was or were.
1. I happy.
2. You angry.
3. She in London last week.
4. It cold.
5. The cat on the roof.
6. The children in the garden.