بســــــــــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيم
منقول رأيت ان فية فائدة كبيرة للإختبار ففيه اسئلة مفيدة مع اجوبيتها
هذه دعوة لاصاحب الموضوع جزاة الله خير
كل ما أتمناه ..
دعواتكم .. لأخي المرحوم ..
ولوآلدي بالصبر والسلوان ..
ثـم .. لي ..
1- What is the definition of Morpheme?
A morpheme is a short segment of language that meet three criteria :
a- It is a word or part of word that has meaning .
b- it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts without violation of its meaning or without meaningless reminders
c- it recurs in differing verbal environments with a relatively stable meaning.
2- What are the divided of morpheme ? or classify the morpheme ?
Two divided :
1- (a) free : one can stand alone with meaning.
(b) bound : one that can not stand alone with meaning .
2- (a) Bases : the part of a word that has the principle meaning, and most of them in English are free morpheme, but some are bound like in ' sent ' in consent, a word may contain one bases and several affixes .
(b) Affixes : it is a bound morpheme that occurs before or within or after a base , there are three kind : prefixes , infixes , and suffixes .
3- From where come " bound bases" ?
A good number of bound bases in English come from the Latin and Greek like in " sent" in Sentiment.
4- The inflection can be schematized in 9 part . Discuss ?
1- { -s pl } { noun plural } as in Dogs , oxen .
2- { -s sg ps } { noun singular possessive } as in Boy's .
3- { -s pl ps } { noun plural possessive } as in Boys' , Men's .
4- { -s 3d } { present third person singular } as in eats, drinks .
5- { -ING vb } { present participle} as in discussing .
6- {-D pt } { past tens } as in chewed , wrote .
7- { -D pp } { past participle } as in written , studied .
8- { -ER cp} { comparative } as in sooner .
9- { -EST sp} { Superlative } as in soonest .
5- The inflectional suffixes differ from the derivational suffixes in many ways . Discuss ?
The inflectional suffixes do not change the part of speech like in ( cold , colder ) both of them adjective , also , they come last in a word as in boy's , in addition , they go with all stem of given part of speech , for example drinks , dreams
Moreover , inflectional suffixes do not pile up , which means that only one ends a word like in working , written . but there is exception in { S pl ps } the plural possessive of the noun as in " The Students' books ".
While the derivational suffixes sometimes change the part of speech , and they do not close of the words , also they do not have a certain rule , these consist of all the suffixes that are not inflectional .
( طبعا هالسؤال مقارنه بينهم .., و الأسلوب المقالي أفضل من التعداد بالنسبه للدكاتره ., ويكون احسن لو انك أضفتي كم مثآل من عندك زياده على كل فقره )
6- What is the meaning of suffixes Homophones ?
It is a group of two or three or even four words in English which sound a like , as in : Right ( the opposite of wrong ) , Right ( the opposite of left ) and write .
7- The verbal inflectional suffix {- ING} have certain homophones . Discuss?
The first one is the nominal derivational suffix { - ING nm } which is found in words like : meetings – weddings . this {-ING nm } is obviously derivational since it permits the addition of an inflectional suffix to close it off .
The second homophones is { - ING aj } adjective morpheme as in Charming woman , they are two tests by which the verbal { ING} can be distinguished :
{- ING vb } as in I Saw a house burning .
OR { ING aj } as in I Saw a burning house .
8- The inflectional affixes have certain homophones . Discuss ?
1- the verbal inflectional {-D pp} has a homophone in the adjectival derivational { - D aj} as in :
She was excited about her new job . ( { -D pp} ) .
She was a devoted mother . ( { - D aj }) .
9- what are the inflected of the adverbial derivational suffixes {- LY av } ?
The adverbial derivational suffix { -LY av } is added to most adjectives to form adverb of manner , as in " Rich , Richly " . A small group of adjectives does not take this {-LY av }, among them big, small , little .
This adverbial {-LY av } has a homophone the derivational suffix {-LY aj} , an adjectival morpheme that distinguished as :
1- it is added to monosyllabic nouns to form adjectives that are inflected with
-er , -est . For example : love , lovely .
2- it is added to nouns to form adjectives that are not inflected with –er , est .
For example : king , kingly .
3- It is added to a few adjectives , giving alternate adjectival forms that are also inflected with –er , est .
For example : dead . deadly .
4- It is added to a short list of " time" nouns to form adjectives.
For example : day , daily .
These are not inflected with –er , -est , and some of them undergo functional shift to become nouns , e.g , " He subscribes to two dailies and three quarterlies."
10 – What are the morphemes which convey a meaning of smallness or endearment or both ?
1- -ie, -i , -y , as in Betty , sweetie .
2- -ette as in dinette .
3- -kin , ikin , kins as in manikin .
4- -ling as in darling .
5- -et as in circlet .
6- -let as in booklet .
( هالسؤال ما أحسه يجي بإمتحان بهالطريقه , يمكن يجي بأسلوب ثاني زي مثلي على هالأسماء التصغيريه .. وفي كلام تحته دش وشرح .. بصفحه 102 أقروه يمكن يجي بشكل < بس مو مقالي ).
11- What are the three recommendations on IC division ?
1- If a word ends in an inflectional suffix , the first cut is between this suffix and the rest of the word.
هالكلام يعني إذا انتهت الكلمه بـإنفلكشنل سافكس .. اللي هم الـتسعه اللي ينهون الكلمه ( الـ s و ed و غيرهـآ .. يكون أول قطع للكلمه لهم .. لآحظوا وركزوا انهم يجون بنهاية الكلمه بس مو معناته أي أفكسس يجي نهاية الكلمه نقطعه لا .. بس التسعه اللي ينهون الكلمه المذكورين صـ 92هم اللي دائما نقطعهم بالبدايه اذا جاو بالكلمه غيرهم أحيانا نبدا القطع فيهم أحيانا لا .
2- One of the IC's should be if possible , a free form . A free form is one that can be stand alone with meaning , e.g enlargement
يعني هنا أن نبدأ بتقطيع الجزء الباوند من الكلمه .. طبعا بهالمثال في جزئين باوند ..
اللي هم الأول en و الثاني ment بس الصح ان احنا نقطع الجزء الثاني من الكلمه لآن مافي كلمه بالانجلش أسمها largement بس في كلمه أسمها enlarge
( بمعنى أوضح أن من الغلط لما نقطع الكلمه نلقى فيها جزء مو مفهوم ., نشيل الشي الزايد عليها بدون ما نخربها وتصير كلمة مو واقعيه بالانجلش .. )
3- the meaning of the IC's should be related to the meaning of the word .
( يعني من الخطأ نغير معنى الكلمه لما نقطعها ., حتى لو حصلنا بالقطع على كلمات فري و مفهومه بس غيرت المعنى هذا شي غلط ..)
For example : restrain .
غلط نقطعها الى جزء Rest وجزء ثاني Rain
مع ان الثنتين موجودين بالانجلش بس غيروا المعنى ..
القطع الصحيح لهم
Re و strain
( هالسؤال جابته بالامتحان الثاني ., د- نسرين ., وجوابك عليها راح يكون النقاط الثلاث مع ذكر مثال لكل نقطه و تقطعيها بالشكل الصحيح الأمثله بالصفحه 105 )
12- Allomorphs .. What is the meaning of this word ?
When the related of set have the same meaning as in " s , z " in plural noun like in Dogs and snacks and are in the complementary distribution* they are called allomorphs .
* complementary distribution : it is the pattern of occurrence of related forms , according to which each form occupies its own territory and does not trespass on the domain of another , abbreviated CD .
( المعنى من هالكلام ان الأمورفومز هو لما يكون الجزء من الكلمه له نفس المعنى " يسوي نفس الوظيفه " مثل حرفين الـ S و Z أذا دخلوا على الأسم " للجمع " يسمى ذلك التقسيم التكميلي للكلمه .., يعني هالقسم من الكلمه هو اللي يكملها ولا يغير في معنى الكلمه او الـ part of speech )
13- What are the divided of Allomorphs ?
1- Additive : Forming word by adding prefixes and suffixes to bases .
As in ox ; oxen , star; stars ( in noun ) and play; played ( in verb )
2- Replacive : it is positioned within a word , which means changing in word.
As in : write ; written . { D pt }
( وعشان توضح المعلومه وتصير أكمل من الكتاب صـ 109 عشان الرموز ماتنكب معي هنا ., وبداية صـ 110 * أنا احسه شي مهم والله أعــــــــلم ) .