[Joda Majed]

1. What is personality?. How do we typically measure it?. What factors determine personality ?

A personality : the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others

(( typically measure )) :

Personality Tests : Helpful in hiring decisions.
Self Report Surveys: Most common method.
Observer Rating Surveys : Provide an independent assessment of personality – often better predictors.

(( determine personality )) :
Factors determined at conception : physical stature, gender, reflexes, energy level

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2. What is the Myers-Briggs Type indicator (MBTI), and What does it measure?

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types using 100 questions
(( Most widely-used instrument in the world ))
_ Extroverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)
_ Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)
_ Sensing (S) vs. Intuitive (N)
_ Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)

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3. What are the Big Five personality traits?.
Extraversion - Agreeableness - Conscientiousness - Emotional Stability - Openness

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4. How do the Big Five traits predict work behavior?

1- Highly conscientious people develop more job knowledge, exert greater effort, and have better performance.
2- Other Big Five Emotional stability is related to job satisfaction.
3- Extroverts tend to be happier in their jobs and have good social skills.
4- Open people are more creative and can be good leaders.
5- Agreeable people are good in social settings.
6- Traits also have implications for work.


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5. Besides the Big Five, what other personality traits are relevant to OB?
Core Self Evaluation - Machiavellianism - Narcissism - Self Monitoring - Risk Taking - Types A Personality - Proactive Personality

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6. What are Values, why are they important, and what is the difference between terminal and instrumental values?.

_ Values : Basic convictions on how to conduct yourself or how to live your life that is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence.

(( Are they important ))
1 : Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors.
2 : Influence our perception of the world around us.
3 : Represent interpretations of “right” and “wrong”.
4 : Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others.

(( The difference between terminal and instrumental values ))
Terminal Values : Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
Instrumental Values : Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values.


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8. Do values differ across cultures?. How so?.

Hofstede’s Framework for assessing culture – five value dimensions :
(( Power distance
- Individualism vs. Collectivism
- Masculinity vs. Femininity
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation ))

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بقى سوال 7 مادري وش يحس فيه وهو جدول ..

اتوقع يجي سؤال 1 او 6 لانها شامله للشي كله والباقي تجيكي يا صح وخطا يااختياري

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