[ساحرة القلوب]

Exercise ( 6)
What do we mean by the term planning? Planning involves defining the
organization's objectives or goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving
those goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and
coordinate activities. It is concerned with both ends (what's to be done) and
means (how it's to be done).
When professional managers use the term planning, they usually mean setting
up
specific objectives covering a period of years. These objectives are written and
made available to organizational members. Finally, specific action programs
exist for the achievement of the objectives; that is, managers clearly define the
path they want to take to get the organization from where it is to where they
want it to be.
i. Answer these questions about the reading. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. What could be the title of the reading?
A. definition of managers
B. definition of informal planning
C. definition of planning
2. What is the main theme of the reading?
A. describing organization's objectives or goals
B. describing planning in organizations
C. describing professional managers
3. What is the main topic of the second paragraph in the reading?
A. How professional managers set objectives for planning?
B. How professional managers perform planning?
C. How planning objectives are communicated to organizational members?
ii. Match the words or phrases according to the reading. Write letters on the lines.
a. means of planning ___ planning goals
b. ends of planning ___ defines goals and sets strategies
c. objectives of planning ___ specific action programs
d. managerial planning ___ achievement of goals
iii. Read the following sentences and put a check mark on the lines if it is true or false
according to the reading.
True False
1. Professional managers always use personal planning. _____ _____
2. Planning cares for ends and means. _____ _____
3. Organizational path is defined by managers. _____ _____
4. Over all strategy is set after developing action programs. _____ _____
Answers:
i. 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) ii. c – d – a – b iii. 1. (false) 2. (true) 3. (true) 4. (false)