I fund this answers in the web sites after several searches in Google searches . . if there is any comments or mistakes . . please . . advise me.
what is a standard dialect
A standard dialect is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more "correct" in some sense than other dialects.
how does the standard dialect differ from non-standard dialects
A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is not the beneficiary of institutional support. An example of a nonstandard English dialect is Southern English. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.
Sometimes in stories authors distinguish characters through their dialect
in other words, do the two types of dialects differ grammatically
No . . they are not
how are the dialects evaluated by society
School students (15–16 years) in six regions of Wales were recorded telling stories in their local English dialects. Some of these narratives were used as samples representing the main English dialect regions in Wales. Comparable groups of students (n = 169) and a group of teachers (n = 47) rated the audio-recorded speakers on a number of scales of affiliation, status, and Welshness. Statistical analysis of their ratings, employing cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, made it possible to detect some of the competing or additive effects of dialect and narrative features. Judgments of “Welshness” of the speaker/narratives were grounded in the regional dialect properties; but other judgments, such as the likability of the speakers, tended to draw on features of both dialect and narrative. In addition, comparison of students and teachers revealed differences in their evaluations of particular dialect communities and the characteristics of the narratives. The findings illustrate the importance of approaching the analysis of dialect variation within the broader con of speech and discourse performance.
who speak the dialects
Each group of people how speaks language in cretin country or region they speak dialects.
and how are they learned
They learn it according to their region .
السؤال الرابع . . الزبدة فيه باللون الأخضر . .
هذا والله أعلم . .
إن اصبت فمن الله . .
وإن أخطأت . . فمن نفسي والشيطان . .