In the United States of America
The first year is normally a general year or PGY1 (post graduate year 1). A second year can be done in one of many different specialties and is called a specialized residency or PGY2. Each residency is a year long endeavor (some are actually now 2 years), usually located in some sort of inpatient
healthcare facility.
There are three different kinds of PGY1's, as recognized by
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. These are Pharmacy Practice (based in hospital setting), Community Pharmacy residency in partnership with the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) (based in a community pharmacy) and Managed Care Pharmacy residency in partnership with the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) (based in managed care organizations such as health plans or pharmacy benefit mangement companies [PBMs]).
The Pharmacy Practice residency usually covers a wide array of topics and deems one eligible for Board Certification in Pharmacotherapy Specialty.
The Community Pharmacy residency usually covers many issues at hand with patients coming to community pharmacies and provides in depth knowledge of patient medication adherence patterns, medication therapy management, and collaborative drug therapy management with associated practitioners with prescribing authorities.
The Managed Care Pharmacy residency trains pharmacists to deliver pharmaceutical care utilizing three practice models: 1) individual patient care in which the pharmacist communicates findings and recommendations to patients and those health care providers who provide care directly to the patient; 2) care provided to targeted groups of patients in which the pharmacist designs, conducts, monitors and evaluates the outcomes of organized and structured programs; and 3) population care management in which the pharmacist develops and implements medication-use policy.
The PGY2 consists of many different sub-specialties. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists recognizes the following: Managed Care Pharmacy Systems, Health Administration Pharmacy, Ambulatory, Cardiology, Critical Care, Drug Information, Emergency medicine, Geriatric, HIV, Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine, Medication Use Safety, Nephrology, Nuclear, Nutrition Support, Oncology and Palliative Care/Pain Management.
The PGY2 year further trains the pharmacist with symptoms, treatments (both drug and non-drug) in a particular area. Upon completion of a PGY2, one becomes eligible to take the Pharmacy Board Certification Exam for one of the five specialties currently recognized by the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties. These Specialties are psychiatry, nutritional support, oncology, pharmacotherapy and nuclear pharmacy.
After completion of PGY1 or PGY2, one can either choose to practice, pursue another residency, or a fellowship, which
would train one to be an independent researcher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy_residency
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