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Literary terms definitions…

1. Climax: The turning point in a narrative, the moment when the conflict is at its most intense. Typically, the structure of stories, novels, and plays is one of rising action, in which tension builds to the climax, followed by falling action, in which tension lessens as the story moves to its conclusion.

2. Comedy: One of two major types of drama, the other being tragedy. Its aim is to amuse, and it typically ends happily. Comedy assumes many forms, such as farce and burlesque, and uses a variety of techniques, from parody to satire. In a restricted sense the term comedy refers only to dramatic presentations, but in general usage it is commonly applied to none-dramatic works as well.

3. Comedy of Manners: A play about the manners and conventions of an aristocratic, highly sophisticated society. The characters are usually types rather than individualized personalities, and plot is less important than atmosphere.

4. Conflict: The conflict in a work of fiction is the issue to be resolved in the story. It usually occurs between two characters, the protagonist and the antagonist, or between the protagonist and society or the protagonist and himself or herself.

5. Tragedy: A drama in prose or Poetry about a noble, courageous hero of excellent character who, because of some tragic character flaw or hamartia, brings ruin upon him- or herself. Tragedy treats its subjects in a dignified and serious manner, using poetic language to help evoke pity and fear and bring about catharsis, a purging of these emotions. The tragic came to denote any works about the fall of persons from exalted to low conditions due to any reason: fate, vice, weakness, etc.
The greatest classical example of tragedy is William Shakespeare's Hamlet.

6. Fiction: Any story that is the product of imagination rather than a ation of fact. characters and events in such narratives may be based in real life but their ultimate form and configuration is a creation of the author.

7. Falling Action In literary criticism, it denotes the resolution of conflict in fiction or drama. The denouement follows the climax and provides an outcome to the primary plot situation as well as an explanation of secondary plot complications. The denouement often involves a character's recognition of his or her state of mind or moral condition.

8. Drama: a drama is any work designed to be presented by actors on a stage. Similarly, "drama" denotes a broad literary genre that includes a variety of forms, from pageant and spectacle to tragedy and Comedy, as well as countless types and subtypes.

9. Irony: In literary criticism, the effect of language in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated.


10. Rising Action: The part of a drama where the plot becomes increasingly complicated. Rising action leads up to the climax, or turning point, of a drama.
The final "chase scene" of an action film is generally the rising action which culminates in the film's climax. (Compare with Denouement.)

11. Setting: The time, place, and culture in which the action of a narrative takes place. The elements of setting may include geographic location, characters' physical and mental environments, prevailing cultural attitudes, or the historical time in which the action takes place.


12. Soliloquy: it is a speech in a play made by a character to expresses his thoughts or feelings aloud while alone which made it possible for characters to debate with themselves on moral and philosophical matters and made it easier to interact with the audience to show their thoughts and feelings.


13. Style: A writer's distinctive manner of arranging words to suit his or her ideas and purpose in writing. The unique imprint of the author's personality upon his or her writing, style is the product of an author's way of arranging ideas and his or her use of diction, different sentence structures, rhythm, figures of speech, rhetorical principles, and other elements of composition.
Styles may be classified according to period (physical, Augustan, Georgian), individual authors (Chaucerian, Miltonic, Jamesian), level (grand, middle, low, plain), or language (scientific, expository, poetic, journalistic).

14. Plot: In literary criticism, this term refers to the pattern of events in a narrative or drama. In its simplest sense, the plot guides the author in composing the work and helps the reader follow the work. Typically, plots exhibit causality and unity and have a beginning, a middle, and an end. Sometimes, however, a plot may consist of a series of disconnected events, in which case it is known as an "episodic plot."

15. Exposition: Writing intended to explain the nature of an idea, thing, or theme. Expository writing is often combined with deion, narration, or argument. In dramatic writing, the exposition is the introductory material which presents the characters, setting, and tone of the play.

16. Theme: The main point of a work of literature. The term is used interchangeably with thesis.

17. Symbolism: This term has two widely accepted meanings. Writers in this movement aimed to evoke, indirectly and symbolically, an order of being beyond the material world of the five senses. The principal aim of the Symbolists was to express in words the highly complex feelings that grew out of everyday contact with the world. In a broader sense, the term "symbolism" refers to the use of one object to represent another.

18. miracle play or mystery play,. miracle play, a kind of medieval religious play representing non‐ural legends of saints or of the Virgin Mary. The term is often confusingly applied also to the mystery plays, which form a distinct body of drama based on biblical stories.

Miracle plays were about the stories of saints life 'important people’ how saints could solve problems and they were played in churches where they had good effects on human minds.

Mystery plays were about the stories of the bible e.g. Noah and how Lucifer and how Lucifer fell down from heaven and Christ how he used to cure people and about his wisdom, to create a sense of awe (power and wisdom) to inspire (faith and courage) , frighten (fear of the devil), improve (the quality of human personality).