446 لا يفوتكم ملخص يحب قلبك وابي الدرجات فوق 80 الهمه يا شباب

[الهــــــاجري]

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته
اولا الشكر الجزيل للاخ اكسبرت على جهوده الجباره من خلال الدورات التاهيليه الله لا يحرمه الاجر
هذا ملخص او بالاحرى دليل لما هو مذكور في الدوره التاهيليه ومقارنته مع الاوراق المهمه اعيد صياغه الاسىله الى صيغه اسىله مباشره تلخيص بعض التعاريف كذلك محاوله لمعرفه صيغه الاسىله المتوقعه من الدكتور اتوقع لمن ذاكر هالملخص يجيب 80 فاعلى باذن الله وانا والا هالماده لانه بصراحه بعد 447 والاسىله اللي جات قلت ابذل جهد لاستنباط وتوقع بعض الاسىله وتذكرت الاخوه بالمنتدى في حوسه قلت انزل هالنماذج لعلها تصيبنا دعوه طيبه طبعا اذا فيه اي خطآ يا ليت الاخوان ينبهون عليه الملخص من ثلاث اجزا

هذي بعض التعاريف والتي قد تآتي بصيغه اكمل الفراغ او صح ا خطآ او سؤال مباشر

literature:-Literature can be studies very usefully in terms of three interconnected contexts: the contexts of language,history and culture

Formalist criticism:-emphasizes the work as independent creation it looks at the text as something to be studied in itself.It likes engineering work

deconstructionists criticism:-deconstruction, or deconstructive or poststructuralist criticism ,can almost be characterized as the opposite of everything formalist criticism stand for. It argues that a work of art has no coherent meaning at the center

Marxist criticism:-its kind of criticism sees literature as the product of economic forces of the period.May the writer represent the low class in the society

Feminist criticism:-grew out of the women’s movement’s of the 1960s,the women can write about their problems by themselves and the men can't write about their own problems

biographical:-one kind of historical research

new model:-is the readers use their knowledge of the language system and literary conventions to create their version of the text

old model:-author>text>reader the readers job is to understand the “meaning” and contained to the text

reader response:-is chiefly concerned with the readers own response to the text

polyvalent reading:-Its kind of reading that produces a variety of responses and interpretations

repertoire:-Knowledge about literature and beliefs

overdetermination:-When we say the reading is always over-determined we mean that is the product of multiple or various interconnected factors

ideology:-Ideology refers to the shared through very diverse believes,assumptions,habits and practices of a particular society,the ideology has an impact on our perception of the world and interpretation

strong reader:-Is the kind of reading that goes against the grain of the text

evocative word:-Evocative words are the words that trigger off multiple associations

الجزآ الثاني عباره عن آسىله موجوده في المذكره على صيغه صح او خطآ الترم اللي طاف جات على صيغه اكمل الفراغ وبعضها مكرر من التعاريف اللي فوق

The course offered us new ways of thinking about the literature.It encourage students to read critically

Formalist criticism deals primarily with the text and not with any of the outside considerations.

Reader-response criticism is concerned with the reader’s own response to the text.

The historical approach takes into account the author’s life,world and background before looking at a certain literary work.

A strong reading is the kind of reading that goes ‘against the grain’ of the text.

According to the new reading model reader’s interact with the texts creating their version of it.

Evocative words trigger off multiple emotional suggestions.

The opining paragraph of stephen Crane’s “The Open Boat”pays close attention to the deion of the wave.

Reading a play or a pome polyvalently means that the reader is mainly concerned with variety of interpretation or response it creates for him.

One possible meaning of “a dark city” is a city with no electricity.

The reader’s former experience has impact whatsoever in determining the meaning of words.

Through we communicate to other people concepts such as love,justice and integrity, the meaning of these concepts has not remained the
same throughout historical periods.

All historical texts offer us many version of history , an interpretation , which is not wholly objective.

Language is more than tool of communication.


The term Ideology refers to the shared through very diverse believes,assumptions,habits and practices of a particular society.
It is difficult to isolate the reader or detach him from the social,culture,political and psychological forces that deeply influence his interpretation of text.

literature can be studied very useful in terms of three interconnected contexts: the context of language , history and culture.

An indeterminate phrase is a phrase that has un definite meaning.

Part of the pleasure of reading poetry is becoming aware of the multiple possibilities of reading.

In Blake’s “London”,certain words and the associations they accumulate carry the ideological conflicts.

كل اللي سبق يعتبر تعاريف واساسيات للتطبيقها على النص او القصيده الان ناتي للجزآ الثالث اغلب الاسله في هذا الجز شرح او تطبيق على نص معين طبعا النموذج هذا موجود كذلك في الاوراق المهمه الي وزعت علينا اتوقع يجيب اسىله من هذا النموذج راح تكون اسله مباشره او شرح

1-Give as many possible interpretations to the following words or phrases:
blackberry and dark city?
blackberry: means those big juicy fruits you find on bushes or pies or jams.
interestingly,there are some connotations that students may have about blackberry:
1.Some student see the word as signifying anything natural or associated with nature [blackberry is a kind of symbol for all that is living]
2.for a women blackberry is related to “desire is full of endless distances”
3.for a student whose repertoire includes picking blackberries as a child,blackberry may remark in rather shocked horror blackberry means something hard to find but when you get it it is all worth the trouble.
dark city it can be city without electricity.
dark city has a lot of interpretations as follows:
1.palace 2.terrifying city 3.midnight 4.terror 5.excitement 6.helplessness
7.bitterness 8.condemnation
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2-What do you mean by polyvalent text?
polyvalent reading:Its kind of reading that produces a variety of responses and interpretations.
polyvalent text mean that a text recognizes that multiple readings are possible and desirable.Some text [most of the text we term “literature”]encourage polyvalent readings and in some people’s eyes reading polyvalent is a distinguishing mark of reading literature.To read a polyvalently is to produce a variety of responses and interpretations.
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3/What does it mean that words are evocative?
Evocative words are the words that trigger off multiple associations.For example ,at foaming,thrust,barbarously are not used primarily for information,they can be used for their affective power to sway the emotions of their readers.Also, evocative words invite a much more complex experience than merely recording fact.
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4/How would three different critics approach the opening passage of Stephen Crane’s “the open boat”?
1/No one-to-one correspondence exists between signifiers and signifieds,that is words have multiple meanings no one of which can be said to be :correct”.
2/different readers attach different signifieds to the signifiers in a text and thereby readers help to create the texts they read.
3/the relationship between signifiers and signifieds is culture {and the existence of different signifieds in language can lead to marked differences in the ways different language users perceive the work.

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5/Write one or two sentences to describe reading text?
when we say reading texts we generally mean the reading of literature.This implies that the skills of reading are directed
to a very specific kind of reading are directed to a very specific kind of experience.When you read “literature”you expect to gain some pleasure that you associate with reading literary texts such as emotional uplift,hummer,insights into the human condition in additional to gaining information.
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