رح ــلة من التكميلي إلى التخرج..},تجمع طلبة وطالبات ماستر علوم فلكية

[علـيا]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة math204 بالنسبه للعملي حق الفلك 351 هو ماقالنا شي غير انه قال حملوه عندكم صراحه انا مابحثت عنه وماشالله انتي ماقصرتي وجبته الرابط الثاني الان هذا لما افتحه تفتح لي صفحه وفيها روابط كلها ملفات ورد وش نسوي فيها فين رابط البرنامج عشان اثبته بس هو لسى ماتكلم عن شي هو قال ابحثو عنه لسى بعدين بيشرح لنا البرنامج وكيف نسوي

افتح هذا الرابط

http://public.gettysburg.edu/~marsch...a/pleilab.html

ومن جهة اليمين
اختار PhotoLab.EXE
يتحمل لك ع طووول

[math204]

الواجب للشباتر الثلاثه

اللي باللون الاحمر جواب صحيح بس بالصفحات السابقه كتبناه خطأ
--------



ch 1

1. How the dark lines in the solar spectrum are formed ?

The answer

They found that a luminous solid or highly compressed hot gas could produce a continuous spectrum whilst a diffuse hot gas produced a spectrum with narrow bright lines on a black background

2 . What do the dark lines in the solar spectrum represent

The answer

helium and sodium

3 . Why the spectroscopy is a key tool in astronomy ?

The answer

By obtaining and analyzing the spectrum from a distant object, astronomers can identify what type of object it is and determine a wealth of characteristics for the object. These include its effective temperature, how fast it is rotating and whether it is moving towards or away from us, how large and dense it is and what it is made of. Within the last decade planets beyond our Solar System have been discovered via their effect on the parent star's spectrum.

--------

ch 2

1 . What do radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays have in common? How do they differ ?

The answer

All these spectral regions, including the visible, collectively make up the electromagnetic spectrum
but they differ in wavelengths and equivalently, photon energy

2.What is the relationship between wavelength, wave frequency, and wave velocity ?

The answer

c=vλ

3.What is the type of relation between the photon energy and the wavelength of light?

The answer

Inverse relationship

4.What is the type of relation between the photon energy and the frequency of light?

The answer

Direct relationship


5. Why the optical region of the spectrum is extremely important?

The answer

السبب الاول
because most stars and galaxies emit a significant fraction of their energy in this part of the spectrum

السبب الثاني
Another reason the optical region is important is that many molecules and atoms have diagnostic electronic transitions in the optical wavelength region.


6. Test the physical units in equations (2.1) and (2.2)

The answer



7. In what regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is the atmosphere transparent enough to allow observations from the ground?

The answer

radio waves and visible light

8. What we mean by space astronomy?

The answer

which allow us to study the universe. Study of wavelengths that don't penetrate the atmosphere using telescopes and detectors out in space- which we will call space astronomy

9. What we mean by “atmospheric window”?

The answer

X-rays, and gamma rays blocking by O + N

ultraviolet radiation blocking by O3

infrared radiation blocking by H3O+ co2


10. Arrange the EMR from the shortest wavelength to the longest wavelength ?

The answer

من الأقصر ابتداء من القاما انتهاء بموجات الراديو ذات الطول الموجي الاطول

gamma rays radiation < X-rays radiation < ultraviolet radiation < visible light < infrared radiation < radio waves



11. Why are gamma rays generally harmful to life forms, but radio waves generally harmless?

The answer

the photon energy is more than enough to damage a living cell. The basic reason that gamma rays are so much more dangerous to life than .

12 .What is the energy of a photon in the middle of the visible spectrum (λ = 550 nm)?
The answer



13.What would be the frequency of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength equal to Earth's diameter? In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum would such a wave lie?
The answer

الطول الموجي = قطر الارض = 12700 كيلو متر
1km=1000m



14.What is the energy (in joules and electron volts) of a 450-nm blue photon? A 200-nm ultraviolet photon?
The answer



15.A sound wave moving through water has a frequency of 256 Hz and a wavelength of 5.77 m. What is the speed of sound in water?
The answer



16.What is the wavelength of a 100-MHz ("FM 100") radio signal?
The answer




----------------------------------
ch3


1. What is a blackbody? What are the characteristics of the radiation emitted by a blackbody?

The answer

A black body radiator is a theoretical object that is totally absorbent to all thermal energy that falls on it, thus it does not reflect any light so appears black. As it absorbs energy it heats up and re-radiates the energy as electromagnetic radiation

خصائص الاشعاع الصادر من الجسم الاسود

Firstly, a hotter object emits more energy at every wavelength than a cooler one.

Secondly, the hotter the object has the shorter the wavelength of the peak of the curve

2. Compare among the Planck curves of three objects have temperatures 3000 K, 6000 K, 10000 K?

The answer


The 6,000 K object clearly peaks in the visible part of the spectrum
الجسم اللي درجة حرارته 6000 القمة في منطقة الطيف المرئي
The 3,000 K object clearly peaks in the infrared part of the spectrum
اللي بدرجة حرارة 3000 تقع قمته في منطقة الاشعة تحت الحمراء
The 1,0000 K object clearly peaks in the Ultraviolet part of the spectrum
الجسم اللي درجة حرارته 10000 يقع في منطقة الطيف الفوق بنفسجي

3.Give a brief deion of the hydrogen atom.

The answer

The Balmer series of visible lines for atomic hydrogen are caused by transitions from the n = 2 orbit to and from higher orbits. The Lyman Series involves transitions down to the n = 1 orbit and involve higher frequency photons in the UV region whilst the Paschen Series (to n = 3) produces IR spectral lines.
Electron transitions in the Bohr model of the Hydrogen atom. As electrons jump down to the n = 2 orbit, they emit photons of specific frequency (hence color) that can be seen as emission lines in the visible part of the EM spectrum. This visible set of lines is called the Balmer series.
The number of spectral lines that can be produced is vast given the permutations of atoms, molecules and orbital transitions possible.
This is shown schematically in the diagram below for the Bohr model of the atom

[علـيا]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة math204 الواجب للشباتر الثلاثه اللي باللون الاحمر جواب صحيح بس بالصفحات السابقه كتبناه خطأ -------- ch 1 1. How the dark lines in the solar spectrum are formed ? The answer they found that a luminous solid or highly compressed hot gas could produce a continuous spectrum whilst a diffuse hot gas produced a spectrum with narrow bright lines on a black background 2 . What do the dark lines in the solar spectrum represent the answer helium and sodium 3 . Why the spectroscopy is a key tool in astronomy ? The answer by obtaining and analyzing the spectrum from a distant object, astronomers can identify what type of object it is and determine a wealth of characteristics for the object. These include its effective temperature, how fast it is rotating and whether it is moving towards or away from us, how large and dense it is and what it is made of. Within the last decade planets beyond our solar system have been discovered via their effect on the parent star's spectrum. -------- ch 2 1 . What do radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays have in common? How do they differ ? The answer all these spectral regions, including the visible, collectively make up the electromagnetic spectrum but they differ in wavelengths and equivalently, photon energy 2.what is the relationship between wavelength, wave frequency, and wave velocity ? The answer c=vλ 3.what is the type of relation between the photon energy and the wavelength of light? The answer inverse relationship 4.what is the type of relation between the photon energy and the frequency of light? The answer direct relationship 5. Why the optical region of the spectrum is extremely important? The answer السبب الاول because most stars and galaxies emit a significant fraction of their energy in this part of the spectrum السبب الثاني another reason the optical region is important is that many molecules and atoms have diagnostic electronic transitions in the optical wavelength region. 6. Test the physical units in equations (2.1) and (2.2) the answer 7. In what regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is the atmosphere transparent enough to allow observations from the ground? The answer radio waves and visible light 8. What we mean by space astronomy? The answer which allow us to study the universe. Study of wavelengths that don't penetrate the atmosphere using telescopes and detectors out in space- which we will call space astronomy 9. What we mean by “atmospheric window”? The answer x-rays, and gamma rays blocking by o + n ultraviolet radiation blocking by o3 infrared radiation blocking by h3o+ co2 10. Arrange the emr from the shortest wavelength to the longest wavelength ? The answer من الأقصر ابتداء من القاما انتهاء بموجات الراديو ذات الطول الموجي الاطول gamma rays radiation < x-rays radiation < ultraviolet radiation < visible light < infrared radiation < radio waves 11. Why are gamma rays generally harmful to life forms, but radio waves generally harmless? The answer the photon energy is more than enough to damage a living cell. The basic reason that gamma rays are so much more dangerous to life than . 12 .what is the energy of a photon in the middle of the visible spectrum (λ = 550 nm)? the answer 13.what would be the frequency of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength equal to earth's diameter? In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum would such a wave lie? the answer الطول الموجي = قطر الارض = 12700 كيلو متر 1km=1000m 14.what is the energy (in joules and electron volts) of a 450-nm blue photon? A 200-nm ultraviolet photon? the answer 15.a sound wave moving through water has a frequency of 256 hz and a wavelength of 5.77 m. What is the speed of sound in water? the answer 16.what is the wavelength of a 100-mhz ("fm 100") radio signal? the answer ---------------------------------- ch3 1. What is a blackbody? What are the characteristics of the radiation emitted by a blackbody? The answer a black body radiator is a theoretical object that is totally absorbent to all thermal energy that falls on it, thus it does not reflect any light so appears black. As it absorbs energy it heats up and re-radiates the energy as electromagnetic radiation خصائص الاشعاع الصادر من الجسم الاسود firstly, a hotter object emits more energy at every wavelength than a cooler one. Secondly, the hotter the object has the shorter the wavelength of the peak of the curve 2. Compare among the planck curves of three objects have temperatures 3000 k, 6000 k, 10000 k? The answer the 6,000 k object clearly peaks in the visible part of the spectrum الجسم اللي درجة حرارته 6000 القمة في منطقة الطيف المرئي the 3,000 k object clearly peaks in the infrared part of the spectrum اللي بدرجة حرارة 3000 تقع قمته في منطقة الاشعة تحت الحمراء the 1,0000 k object clearly peaks in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum الجسم اللي درجة حرارته 10000 يقع في منطقة الطيف الفوق بنفسجي 3.give a brief deion of the hydrogen atom. the answer the balmer series of visible lines for atomic hydrogen are caused by transitions from the n = 2 orbit to and from higher orbits. The lyman series involves transitions down to the n = 1 orbit and involve higher frequency photons in the uv region whilst the paschen series (to n = 3) produces ir spectral lines. Electron transitions in the bohr model of the hydrogen atom. As electrons jump down to the n = 2 orbit, they emit photons of specific frequency (hence color) that can be seen as emission lines in the visible part of the em spectrum. This visible set of lines is called the balmer series. The number of spectral lines that can be produced is vast given the permutations of atoms, molecules and orbital transitions possible. This is shown schematically in the diagram below for the bohr model of the atom

هذا كله غلط
المهم عندي ثلاث استفسارات
الأول اشلون الإجابة صح بس احنا كتبناها غلط؟ مافهمتك

بعدين القوانين اللي كتبتها لك لحل المسائل صح والا غلط مالي حيل ارجع للصفحات اللي قبل
يعني حلي صح والا لا؟

ثالثا
الحين وصف ذرة الهيدروجين مايكفي الرسمه؟ موب معقول بالإختبار ادش له ذا كله ..لا وبالإنقلش بعد

[math204]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة علـيا هذا كله غلط المهم عندي ثلاث استفسارات الأول اشلون الإجابة صح بس احنا كتبناها غلط؟ مافهمتك بعدين القوانين اللي كتبتها لك لحل المسائل صح والا غلط مالي حيل ارجع للصفحات اللي قبل يعني حلي صح والا لا؟ ثالثا الحين وصف ذرة الهيدروجين مايكفي الرسمه؟ موب معقول بالإختبار ادش له ذا كله ..لا وبالإنقلش بعد

الأول اشلون الإجابة صح بس احنا كتبناها غلط؟ مافهمتك


الواجب كله صحيح

بس اقصد اللي بالاحمر سبق وجاوبنا عليه بس الاجابه خاطئه
فحبيت انبهك عليها

اللي حطيته الان كلها اجابات صحيحه


والقوانين صحيحه


انا كلمته على الهيدروجين قال مولازم الرسمه
المصيبه الرسمه تعبر عن الكلام بالضضضبط

فحطيت له الاثنين

ماعليكي وقت الاختبار بنكلمه نقدر نجاوب عربي وانجليزي مع بعض

[علـيا]

9. What we mean by “atmospheric window”?

The answer

x-rays, and gamma rays blocking by o + n

ultraviolet radiation blocking by o3

infrared radiation blocking by h3o+ co2


هذا الشي بعد ماكنا مجاوبين عليه كذا

المهم يعني كل واجبنا صح ماعدا سؤال 8 والسؤال 9...صح؟

الشي الثاني ..بخار الماء هو كتب لك صيغته H3O؟ موب H2O؟

وسؤال ذرة الهيدروجين يقصد اننا نكتب له عن تحرر الإلكترونا بعد اكتسابها طاقه عاليه او انتقالها لمستوى طاقه أعلى ونشرح له العمليه؟
اذا كذا بكتبها له عربي ويخب عليه اصلا انا حتى رسم ما اعرف ارسم

واخيرا مشكووور وجزاك الله خير

من المحاضرات الجايه انا احل المسائل وانت تحل المقالي .. نتقسم الواجب يعني وياليت تكتب لي ترجمة المقالي عشان احفظها عربي واحط المصطلحات انقلش <<بسوي له مكس

[math204]

لحظه علياء بحمل الملفات الصوتيه وبجاوب عليكي

[math204]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة علـيا 9. What we mean by “atmospheric window”? The answer x-rays, and gamma rays blocking by o + n ultraviolet radiation blocking by o3 infrared radiation blocking by h3o+ co2 هذا الشي بعد ماكنا مجاوبين عليه كذا المهم يعني كل واجبنا صح ماعدا سؤال 8 والسؤال 9...صح؟ الشي الثاني ..بخار الماء هو كتب لك صيغته H3O؟ موب H2O؟ وسؤال ذرة الهيدروجين يقصد اننا نكتب له عن تحرر الإلكترونا بعد اكتسابها طاقه عاليه او انتقالها لمستوى طاقه أعلى ونشرح له العمليه؟ اذا كذا بكتبها له عربي ويخب عليه اصلا انا حتى رسم ما اعرف ارسم واخيرا مشكووور وجزاك الله خير من المحاضرات الجايه انا احل المسائل وانت تحل المقالي .. نتقسم الواجب يعني وياليت تكتب لي ترجمة المقالي عشان احفظها عربي واحط المصطلحات انقلش <<بسوي له مكس

عليا الان جالس احمل المقاطع لين اخلصهم بقولك
المهم بالنسبه للسؤال 8 -9 اللي كاتبهم انا في اخر رد لي اجاباتهم صحيحه
بس انا اقصد ان سؤال 8 في الصفحات السابقه كانت الاجابه غلط

والله ياعلياء شفت مذكرتي كاتب h2o
معقوله ناقلها منه غلط ؟
المصيبه كاتبها في الحاظرتين في صفحتين مختلفه نفس الشيء h2o
هو قال الماء وثاني اكسيد الكربون


خلاص ولايهمك انا علي المقالي وبترجمها لكي

[math204]

خلاص حملتهم علياء

[علـيا]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة math204 خلاص حملتهم علياء

طيب مشكور على جهودك

[علـيا]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة math204 والله ياعلياء شفت مذكرتي كاتب h2o معقوله ناقلها منه غلط ؟ المصيبه كاتبها في الحاظرتين في صفحتين مختلفه نفس الشيء h2o هو قال الماء وثاني اكسيد الكربون

اصلا بخار الماء h2o بس انت كاتبها في تصحيح الحلول h3o