Shall I compare thee to a summer's day - poetry 447

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مقال كامل عن قصيدة شكسبير
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?


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Sonnet XVIII, Shall I Compare Thee?
By William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day?
Thou are more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:
But thy eternal Summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
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Shakespeare’s poem,; “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” is one of the most famous masterpieces of English literature. This poem was written in the sonnet style (14 lines long with three quatrains in four rhymed lines and a couplet of a pair of rhymed lines. Although many scholars stated that most of the sonnets are anonymous poets, but they gave a special concern to the distinguished Shakespeare's sonnets. In this sonnet Shakespeare used an elevated Elizabethan conventional form to muse and praise poetry and his beloved. Moreover, Shakespeare tried to immortalize beauty and youth.
In the first quatrain, Shakespeare established a meditative comparison between youth, the poem and beauty to a summer's day. He expresses his opinion that all of the three themes are better than a shiny summer day. He draw a poetic image for that day with its all desirable advantages such as the winds, warmth and young buds of flowers. However, he ****phorically expressed that summer is beautiful but short and ephemeral, Shakespeare compared his poem and his beloved to that beauty and started to show how both of them are better than the summer day.
Shakespeare said that his poem and beloved are beautiful are like summer's day regarding to the beauty of the day, but they are better than the day as for its shortness. He said that his poem, love and beauty of his beloved will remain for eternity, while a summer's day will not. He went beyond the time comparison to say even their beauty is more and better than of the summer's day.

The second quatrain strengthens the comparison of the beloved to a summer’s day. Shakespeare criticized imperfectness of the summer's day comparing to the beauty of the poem, beloved and youth. He criticized the summer day for its weakness in front of natural changes and evanescence. However, he gave us a very romantic image when he anthropomorphized the sky and compared its eye " the sun" to his beloved shining eyes. He criticized the mutability of time represented in a summer's day and emphasized the immortality of his poem and love.
The third quatrain dealt with a new reflective idea as Shakespeare shifted from focusing on the comparison to emphasize the fact of evanescence even for the beauty. He tried to limit the exaggeration he stated before by stating that there is nothing to do in front of the nature. However, he stressed that his poem can challenge all natural and temporal changes. He said neither time nor death can affect his poem.
Shakespeare concluded his poem with a couplet where he spoke about the two main themes " love and poetry" stating that both of them are everlasting and that the poem remains alive as long as the people read it.
This sonnet has a plenty of sentimental images reflecting the distinguished style of Shakespeare. He used the ****phoric form when he described “rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,” and he implies that his beloved does not suffer from these winds as summer does. However, he assured his beloved that her “eternal summer shall not fade,”. He gave another ****phor of an “eye” for the sun so that the comparison between a person and a season becomes vivid. Another ****phor in his sonnet is " Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade " as he expanded the use of the ****phor and reinforcing the poem’s advantages
Moreover, he draw a meditative idea through his words “often is his gold complexion dimm’d.” , he expressed that inconvenient qualities do not affect the poem. In line 12 “eternal lines” he quoted Virgil's words in Aeneid whenhe wander helplessly in the underworld. In line 10 “ow’st” is short for ownest, meaning possess.

As perpetual as his works, The English dramatist and poet William Shakespeare still the most widely admired and influential writer in the history of Western civilization.


اضافه
هل لى أن أقارنكِ بيوم من أيام الصيف/ شكسبير/ حسن حجازى
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هل لى أن أقارنك ِ بيوم ٍ من أيام ِ الصيف ؟
ترجمة حسن حجازى
( وليام شكسبير)
هل لى أن أقارنك ِ بيوم ٍ من أيام ِ الصيف ؟
أنت ِ أكثرُ روعة ً منه ُ وأكثرُ اعتدالا
فرياح ُ الصيف ِ تهز ُ براعم َ مايو فى عنف ,
ويوم ُ الصيف ِ فى معظمه ِ سريع ُ الزوالا :
فشمس ُ الصيف ِ أحياناً تلفحنا بلهيب ٍ من نار
وتحيل ُ جبهته ُ الذهبية إلى لون ٍ كئيب
وكل ُ جمالٍ يطغى عليه ِ جمال ٌ يختفى وينهار
بالصدفة , بفعل ِ الأيام ِ الرتيبة يأتى المشيب
لكنَ جمال َ صيفكِ الأزلى لنْ يطويهُ الفَناء
ولن يضيع َ ما وهبك ِ الله من سحر ِ الكمال
الموت ُ أمامك ِ يفر ُ مهزوما ً فى حياء
وأنت ِ دوما ً فى قصيدى تكبرين فى جلال
طالما بقى نَفَّس ٌ بإنسان ٍ أو عين ٌ ترى هذا الوجود ,
فسوف يبقى شعرى مشرقا ً ليعطيك ِ فيضا ً للخلود !!
منقول للفائدة اسأل الله ان يبارك صاحب هذا العمل الرائع

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Figurative images: the words are used to describe one thing by comparing it to something else with which we are more familiar. The poet uses figurative language to bring us new experiences, new visions, new ways of looking at the world.


اللغة الرمزية تشتمل على (التشبيه والاستعارة والتشخيص)



Simile: a stated comparison, employing a connective such as "like" or "as".
"My love is like a red, red rose"
(Robert Burn)

اولا: التشبيه وهو تشبيه شيء باخر باستخدام علامات التشبيه مثل as – like وحاطينلكم مثال "My love is like a red, red rose"

هنا زي لما اقول الحب كالوردة الحمراء

Metaphor: an implied comparison, not directly stated with words such as "like" and "as".
In the morning the city
Spreads its wings
Making a song
In stone that sings.
(Langston Hughes)


الاستعارة هي تشبيه شيء بآخر بدون ادوات التشبيه زي لما اقول (الحب وردة حمراء)
وهنا the city Spreads its wings شبهنا المدينة كالطاير (تفرد اجنحتها) بدون ادوات تشبيه



Personification: human qualities are given to an inanimate object, an abstract idea, or a force of nature.

"The Night was creeping on the ground!
She crept and did not make a sound"
(James Stephens)



التشخيص هو استخدام صفه بشرية لشيء غير بشري زي لمن اقول (تحدث النهر الي)
وهنا التشخيص باين بكلمة She لمن تحدث عن ال The Night كان الليلة بنت تشخيص واضح
بالذات لمن استخدم الضمائر الي تشير للاشخاص لشيء غير بشري


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Part B. Sound Patterns

ثانياً عندنا انماط الصوت وهم rhythm and rhyme


Most poems are written to be read aloud, and how they sound is as important as what they mean. Sound patterns consist of two elements: rhythm and rhyme.



Rhythm: the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in language.

Rhythmical pattern in poetry is called meter. The smallest unit of rhythmical pattern is called a foot. Much poetry combines more than one rhythmical pattern to achieve a particular effect.


نسمي النمط الايقاعي meter واصغر وحدة ايقاع foot
القصائد تجمع بين اكثر من نمط ايقاعي عشان تعطينا تاثير مميز


Nursery rhymes tend to have very predictable rhythms. For example, "Mary had a little lamb", "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" (regular trochees; i.e., two syllables with the emphasis on the first)

ايقاعات الاطفال معروفة دائما مثلا مقطعين يشددو الصوت على المقطع الاول Nursery rhymes




When reading poetry to children, we need to be aware of the rhythm pattern(s) a poem contains so that we can gain good effect from our reading.


ثانيا عندنا القافية


Rhyme: the repetition of similar sounds in the two or more words.
وهي تكرار الصوت بواحد ا اكثر من كلمة وله انواع:



End rhyme: the repetition of the ending sounds in two or more lines

هو تكرار الصوت الأخير ببيتين او اكثر . مثال هنا End rhyme

Four – door

One, two,
buckle my shoe;
Three, four,
shut the door;
Five, six,
pick up sticks;

Seven, eight,
lay them straight;
Nine, ten,
a big, fat hen.

Alliteration: the repetition of initial sounds in two or more words

ثانيا عندنا Alliteration وهي تكرار الصوت الاول بكلمتين او اكثر
.مثال هنا تكرار الصوت p

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?


Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds within words.
ال Assonance تكرار الصوت المتحرك بالكلمات نفسها مثل
صوت ال o في

Hickory Dickory Dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck one,
The mouse ran down,
Hickory Dickory Dock!



Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds within words, often with a variation in adjoining vowels.


Consonance التناغم وهو تكرار صوت ساكن بنفس لكلمات مثل صوت الf هنا

A flea and a fly
Flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, "Let us fly!"
Said the fly, "Let us flee!"
So they flew through a flap in the flue.
منقول

[white rose]

الله يعطيك العآفية اخي الكريم ويجزل ثوآبك واجرك

اضيف الموضوع الى :
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