تحديد مادة مقدمه في اللغويات 321 للفصل الصيفي 1431هـ

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6 Words and word-formation processes

Etymology
The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology,

Coinage
invention of totally newterms
zipper;
kleenex,


Borrowing
taking over of words from other languages
croissant (French),
piano
(Italian)
sofa (Arabic

Compounding
a joining of two
separate words to produce a single form.
fingerprint, sunburn, textbook

Blending
The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term
smoke and fog, we can use the
word smog

Clipping
when a word of more than one
syllable (facsimile) is reduced to a shorter form(fax)

Backformation
word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of
another type (usually a verb). A good example of backformation is the process
whereby the noun television first came into use and then the verb televise

Conversion
A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be
used as a verb (without any reduction),
bottle, butter, chair and vacation

Acronyms
Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.
These can be forms such as CD (‘compact disk’) or VCR (‘video cassette
recorder’)

Derivation
unhappy, misrepresent, prejudge, joyful,
careless, boyish, terrorism and sadness.

Prefixes and suffixes
These are called
prefixes. Other affixes have to be added to the end of the word (e.g. -ish) and
are called suffixes