ملخص الدورة التاهيلية في مادة342 للدكتور يوسف بدر, الترم الصيفي

[mohammad_4909]

إخواني الكرام
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
هذا ملخص الدورة التاهيلية في مادة 342 مع الدكتور يوسف بدر علما أن المنهج كامل داخل في الاختبار وقال الدكتور بأنه يجب قراءة القصص. علما أن هذه الأسئلة مع ملخص الأخ بوليمر الموجود في المنتدى أو في مكتبة الوديان يفيد في فهم المنهج ولا يغني عن قراءة الكتاب.
اسأل الله أن يوفقنا جميعا.
شهركم مبارك إن شاء الله وكل عام وانتم بخير.
ولا تنسونا من دعوه في ظهر الغيب

1/ Define realism, formal realism, modern realism and what is Wordsworth definition of realism?
Realism is a mode of writing that reflects the human nature and daily life without coloring glasses.
Formal realism is the narrative method whereby the novel embodies the circumstantial view of life.
Modern realism begins from the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through his senses.
Wordsworth proclaimed that the writer must keep his eye on the object and present the experiences of life in the real language of men.
2/ Talk about the individualism in Robinson Crusoe?
Individualism was resulted from capitalism which brought about specialization and the concepts of social arrangement that held the individual who is responsible for determining his own economic, political and religious roles. Robinson Crusoe is a precise embodiment of the "homo-economics" or the economic man who counts his stocks, measures his area and plan every costs and expenditure. Robinson is also a selfish and egocentric man when he sells Xury as slave boy to Portuguese captain and when he makes the strangers to sign a contract that shows his dominion on the island.
Robinson Crusoe has no positive feelings or relation with his family and he lives according to the principle of economic man only to better his economic condition. He is also individualist because he got the self-independence. Finally, he is utilitarian and had no serve for the community.
3/ Mention some values in Robinson Crusoe.
We learn many values from Robinson Crusoe. First of all, he teaches us the art of survival, the value of money and how to be utilitarian and conservative. Second, the value of work, Robinson Crusoe makes a farm and tames goats to feed himself. In addition, the act of defense, he builds his own house on a rock that cannot be attacked from three sides. Moreover, the value of time, he calculates the time to know the rainy seasons and the harvest time by writing Al-Manac. Finally, the value of religion, he repents from his sin that he disobeys his father.
4/ Why did the critics attacked Tom Jones?
They attacked Tom Jones because the writer used an epic form for trivial matters while this form must be used for serious matter. Moreover, the writer did not punish his characters. The book also looks like a historical ( or biographical) book. In addition, Henry Fielding uses the realism of assessment which did not leave a space for the critics to criticize the novel.


5/ Apply some of the elements of realism on Tom Jones.
In Tom Jones, we can find some realistic elements. First of all, we can see that the writers uses proper names such as Mr. Allworthy, Mr. Western, Blifil, etc. Moreover, the place is considered a realistic on that was almost in luxuries places and houses. Also, we can find the different classes upper and rich class like Mr. Allworthy and lower and poor class such as Black George. Furthermore, we can see the reality of character on Tom Jones that he was a lair and when he sympathizes and pities with George and sells his horses to give him money. And some other characters as Blifil who shows us the reality with his jealousy of Tom Jones. We can also see some realistic elements in the beginning of the story as well as at the end. At the beginning, Tom Jones was redeemed when he was baby by Mr. Allworthy, then Mrs. Bridget takes him and looks after him. At the end, he was also redeemed by his marriage to Sofia and by dropping the charges against him.
6/ How do writers create realism in their works?
The writers create realism by applying realistic aspect in their works in order to describe them as realistic. Realistic work should have some points. First, it should try to portray all the varieties of human experience. Second, the content itself should be realistic either based on a real incident in life or typical to people's conditions and circumstances if invented. These points in turn oblige the writer to part from traditional plots taken from mythology, history legends, and previous literature. Finally, the writers use these points successfully by describing daily life, the truth, and human nature.
7/What are the factors that led to the rise of novel?
There were many factors that led to the emergence of novel like the development of printed books, journals, and magazines. Moreover, the increasing tendency to reading and the excellence of education contributed to the rise of novel. The rapid growth of the middle class also led to the rise of novel. Availability of money is another factor in rising of novel. People encouraged private reading because they had time to read literary works. As a result, readers become critics. The competition among writers can be added to the factors. Finally, individualism and utilitarianism had led to the rise of novel where writers depicts characters as product of their environment.

8/ What is the relationship between individualism and rise of novel?

Because individualism is part of capitalization, always individualism is selfish and egocentric. Then, individual is part of contractual relationship between the government and individualism. Individualism became a good topic to the writers to write about which led to rise of novel.

9/ Apply some elements of realism on pride and prejudice?
Realism is clear in Austen's novel, pride and prejudice. She depicts her characters as they are in a real world. She uses ordinary names as Darcy, Mr.Bennet, Elizabeth and so on. The novel also displays personal experiences as shown in the relations between the characters such as failed marriages, love stories and so forth. Austen also portrays the English society realistically as different social classes, middle class and upper middle class.

10/ Who solve the problem of class distinction in pride and prejudice and how?
The writer solve the problem of class distinction by eliminating it through marriages and understanding between different classes.

11/ Who will inherit the real estate of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet? (important )
Mr.Collins

12/How was Tom Jones redeemed?
Tom Jones was redeemed by his marriage to Sofia and by dropping the charges against him.

13/ How can the earlier writers joined the later tradition?
The earlier writers joined the later tradition through verity of their works.

14/ What is the later tradition?
The later tradition is the increasing importance in the literary scene. Later tradition also means the increasing of novels annual production, decrease in the quality and the literary degradation and mediocrity and the reading publics

15/ Who solve the problem of realism?
Laurence and Jane Austen by combining the two kinds of realism.

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16/ How was the problem of elopement in pride and prejudice solved?
It solved by money from Mr.Darcy who paid Mr.wicham some money to marry Lydia.