بسم الله..lane333الصرف ..نفس مقرر العام؟

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بسم الله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ..يا اخوان نفس المقرر مازال؟ اسأل الله ان يوفقنا ويوفقكم اشتقت لكم جميعا.

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Morphology is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in language.

What is morphology ?

Morph = form or shape, ology = study of
Morphology is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in language.


What is a morpheme?

A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. For example,

The English word play (basic element) that stands for its own and other additional elements plays, played, playing, replay.

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ogy Date:3/2/2013; 22/3/1434H
Course code: Lane 333
Course instructor: Dr. Thamer Alharthi

What is morphology ?

Morph = form or shape, ology = study of
Morphology is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in language.


What is a morpheme?

A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. For example,

The English word play (basic element) that stands for its own and other additional elements plays, played, playing, replay.

Typology of the morpheme

- Free morpheme
That is a morpheme is free if it is able to appear as a word by itself.
- Bound morpheme
It is bound if it can only appear as part of a larger, multi-morphemic word.


Bound morphemes
Bound morphemes are those forms that cannot normally stand alone and are attached to another form. Consider :
Undressed careless

Un- dress -ed care -less -ness
Prefex stem suffix stem suffix suffix
Bound free bound free bound bound

Further categories of morphemes
 Lexical morphemes are usually free morphemes. They are the set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs that carry the content of the messages we convey.
for example, girl, world, happy, chase, farm
 Functional morphemes are words that bring a function inside of them. They assist lexical morphemes to add details to the meaning. These can be found in conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns. For example, and, on, the, them

Types of bound morphemes

 Derivational morphemes: they refer to those bound morphemes that create new words out of/with a free morpheme. For example,
Payment, careful, slowly.
 Inflectional morphemes. These are morphemes that help the words to change their grammatical functions. For example,
Pens, liked, biggest, taken


Now do the exercises in the textbook

Good luck

[فهد هزاع]

onal paradigms
The objectives of this chapter:
• What is paradigm?
• Paradigm inflectional
• The Noun paradigm
• The verb paradigm
• The adjective paradigm
 Paradigm: is a set of related forms having the same stem but different affixes. Examples:
Friend, friends, friend’s, friendship, friendliness, friendless.  Paradigm & paradigm membership is predictable by the grammar.
• Noun paradigm= friend, friends, friend’s and friends.
• verb paradigm= walk, walks, walked, walking
• adjective paradigm= tall, taller, tallest.
The Noun Paradigm
The noun paradigm:
Stem Pl Poss. Pl+Poss.
{-s pl} {-s ps} {-s pl ps}
doctor doctors doctor’s doctors’

• Note all the Ns have all the four forms (e.g. some don’t take the (poss-‘s) but instead they take the of structure.
• Few nouns have only one form of the paradigm (tennis, courage, haste) • Some have no singular form, but only that of the –s plural (clothes, trousers, scissors)
• A pronoun can be used as a substitute (My clothes [they] are clean)
• Some nouns end in –s (economics, linguistics, mathematics, physics). In this case, the singular pronouns (it) is used (linguistics is a difficult subject)
• Some nouns ending in –s (ethics, oats, measles, pliers) can be either sg or pl depending on the context or on the meaning expressed.
 Ethics ( a discipline ) is an important subject.
 His ethics (beliefs & actions) are beyond reproach.
• Some collective Ns may be either Sg or Pl in meaning when they are singular in form (team, family, tribe, faculty, committee, police)
• Such Ns represents a collection or unit of individuals.
The family is gathering at the dinner table ( a unit)
The family have gathered from many parts around the country (individual)