[حلاها زايد]

يابعد عمري سامحيني تأخرت عليكي المهم
the particle
هي عبارة عن preposition or adverb
ولكن هي جزء اساسي من الفعل الاصطلاحي (phrasal verb)
ولايكتمل معنى الفعل الاصطلاحي الا بوجود
the particle
ومعا يشكلان كلمة واحدة ذات معنى وهناك ميزة اخرى وهي انه يمكن كتابة
the particle
بعد الاسم التالي في الجملة دون اي تغيير في المعنى أما حروف الجر فهي تعبر عن هيئة او مكان اوزمان او اي يء اخر
انا رح اكتبلك توضيح اكتر مع امثلة
Phrasal verbs (examples: shut off, pick up, turn down, take in, look over) are an interesting phenomenon in our language. The two words act in concert exactly as if they were a single verb. In the sentence ‘He turned on the light,’ ‘He’ is the subject, ‘turned on’ is the verb, and ‘the light’ is the direct object. Phrasal verbs can frequently be paraphrased by a single-word verb (‘He activated the light’; turn down = refuse, look over = peruse, etc.)

The second word in a phrasal verb is called a particle. Words used elsewhere as prepositions (on, up, down, etc.) are most often used as particles in phrasal verbs, but so are some other words (e.g., ‘forth’ as in ‘bring forth’). Students frequently confuse particles and prepositions. Compare:

He turned on the light. (phrasal verb + direct object)

He turned on a dime. (one-word verb + prepositional phrase)

Santa looked up the chimney. (one-word verb + prepositional phrase)

Santa looked up the address. (phrasal verb + direct object)

One of the more curious features of phrasal verbs is that the particle can be moved to follow the next noun phrase in the sentence, with no effect on meaning:

He turned the light on.

She looked a friend up.

I put the fire out.

In these cases the ‘action’ of the sentence cannot be analyzed without considering the two words together. He didn’t ‘turn’ anything; he ‘turned on’ something. Transformational grammar’s notion of a deep structure altered by transformations can account nicely for this phenomenon.