اشتراك بموقع Example essay

[nuha]

aالله يعطيك العافيه اذا بالامكان تشوفيلي هالاسئله...اكون من الشاكرين..!!


*Answer the following essay questions. Your essay should not be less than 1500 words for each:

1- Historians tell us that the novel takes place in a period of rigid class distinctions in which manners, not results, are the standard by which everyone is judged. Jane Austen derives the comedy in her novel Emma from the manners and customs of the classes she portrays. Discuss

2- Emotions in this novel, as well as Jane Austen’s other novels, are often muted. How are Emma’s negative feelings of jealousy, embarrassment and mortification expressed through her actions? How are her positive feelings of delight in family, satisfaction in self-control, and doing one’s duty shown?

3 -In accordance with the chivalric tradition, a romance blooms when a gallant man proves his love for his lady by passing a series of heroic tests. In Emma, we have a sharp reversal. What tests does Emma have to pass in order to be worthy of the love of Mr. Knightly? Explain

. E.M. Forster worked as an essayist, lecturer, tutor to the working class, and travel guide. What was the influence of his choices of occupations on his writing style and themes in A Room with a View ? Explain

9. In A Room with a View, Forster's use of light and darkness, vision and blindness, day and night has transparent meaning in many passages: Lucy throws open the window of her room with a view while Charlotte closes the shades. Cecil is best suited to a room, while George is in his element in the sunlight of the Sacred Lake. How does that manifest the significance of the novel's title? Discuss the variations on the theme of clarity.

10. Lucy and George both stand outside England's traditional class structure. George is a clerk, the son of a journalist and grandson of a laborer. Lucy is the daughter of alawyer and her social status is "more splendid than her antecedents entitled her to." What role does social class play in the novel? Why did Forster choose Cecil to deliver the statement: "The classes ought to mix...There ought to be intermarriage—all sorts of things. I believe in democracy ?

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[Sylvia plath]

هذا المقال الثاني .. بالتوفيق ان شاءالله للجميع


History and Background
The Arab world straddles two continents, Asia and Africa, and its long coastline gives it access to critical waterways. The region offers a variety of climatic conditions from dry to seasonal rainfalls in Morocco, Tunisia and the mountains of Lebanon. Agriculture is a very important activity in the Arab world. The most import products are wheat, dates, rice, and olive oil, which are main ingredients in the Arab cuisine. Although there are differences between the Arab people from Morocco to the Persian Gulf, Arab people enjoy a common bond of history, culture and tradition.

It was in the Arab world where people first developed the system of writing; scientific advances were also developed. Rich cultures like Ancient Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia began in this region. The Arab culture has had many influences but Islam has shaped the culture like no other. The message of Islam appeared for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula in the early seventh century, and soon the faith expanded across North Africa, the entire Middle East and extended to the borders of China. A new and dynamic civilization was founded. In fact, while most of Europe was in the dark ages, the Arab/Islamic civilization was at its most glorious moment, making significant contributions to science, arts and the humanities that are still very alive in the world. Today, most of the ancient cities, such as Marrakech and Baghdad with its great flavors and customs, still exist and modern cities have been developed beside them. Unfortunately, they carry with them the common problem!
of modernization like overpopulation and pollution.

The Middle East is an area of international concern for several reasons: strategic location, oil resources, and the recurring political instability. It is also the birthplace of three great religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The region is composed of fifteen nations and four major languages: Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Farsi. It is a region of many people with extraordinary histories and cultures. However, most of its habitants practice Islam and are Arabs. The word "Arab" is applied to Muslims, Jews and Christians who speak the Arabic language and identify themselves with the Arab way of life.
The people of the Middle East and North Africa are often grouped together because they have many things in common. Islam is the dominant religion and almost everyone speaks Arabic. Most of the Middle East and North Africa is a desert where very little rain falls. There are, however, many exceptions:
Most Iranians are Muslims, but they are not Arabs. Until recently, Iran was known as Persia, a culture that has existed for thousands of years. Most Iranians speak Farsi. The Turks originally came from the land northwest of India. They are also Muslims but speak Turkish rather than Arabic. More than one fourth of the people of Lebanon speak Arabic, but are Christian. Lebanon has traditionally been a Christian Arabic nation, but Muslims now outnumber Christians because Muslims have tended to have more children. Most Arabs living in the United States are Lebanese. Israel was created as a homeland for Jewish people. Hebrew is the national language of Israel.
About fifteen million Kurds live in the mountains between Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. The Kurds are Muslims, but they have the own language and culture. Many Kurds want to keep their traditional lifestyle and resist assimilating into the population of their host nations. A minority of the people of Morocco and Algeria are Berbers. The Berbers are the descendants of the people who lived in North Africa before the Arab invasion. The Berbers have their own traditions, but most have accepted Islam and. speak Arabic.
The Middle East and North Africa were controlled by other nations until recently. This is why you will commonly hear many other languages, including English, French and Italian in the region.
People who speak Arabic as their primary language are known as Arabs. Traditionally, they lived on the Arabian Peninsula, but the language and culture of the Arabs spread throughout the Middle East with the expansion of Islam. Arabic is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. Today more than 200 million Arabs live in nations around the world. Arabs constitute the substantial majority of people in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Sudan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.
A century after Muhammad’s death, the lands of Islam, under Arab leadership, stretched from Spain in the west across North Africa and most of the modern Middle East into Central Asia and northern India. The Arabs were great traders whose influence reached as far as Southeast Asia. Today more Muslims live in Indonesia, far from the Arab world, than in any other nation.
The Arabs were interested in learning and in other cultures. Western Europe was in a period often called “the dark ages” because the civilizations of Greece and Rome had been extinguished, but the Arabs made great advances in mathematics, medicine, and physical science. They replaced clumsy Roman numerals with the Arabic numerals we use today. Algebra and Chemistry are both Arabic words.
The Middle East is built on a magnificent legacy of civilizations dating back to ancient times. Science, the arts, written language, mathematics, a legal system, and other hallmarks of civilization flourished in ancient Sumer, Persia, Egypt, and other parts of the Middle East, leaving a legacy of influence on the later cultures of Greece and Rome. Today, the Middle East continues to offer the world a rich cultural contribution, as home to three major world religions, a vibrant entertainment industry, a fascinating tradition of folkloric music and dance, and a growing economic power base.

Culture and Customs-Family Structure
In an Arabian family, gender and age plays a big role in specifying responsibilities. The father is usually the head of the family and the provider for its needs, while the mother plays a major role in raising children and taking care of the house. This structure is not always the norm; in recent years, both the father and the mother provide for family needs, while household chores are taken care of by maids and servants. In the past, the father made most major family decisions, but recently both the father and the mother make some of these decisions jointly. Sons and daughters are taught to follow the inherited traditions and are given responsibilities that correspond with their age and gender. Sons are usually taught to be protectors of their sisters and to help the father with his duties inside and outside the house, while daughters are taught to be the source of love and emotional support in the family, as well as helping their mother to take care of household chores. Winds of change do not spare any culture; the changes that entered the structure of some Arabian houses is not due to economical needs, but education for both men and women that is mandated by law in the Arabian countries. Education from kindergarten up to university degrees is free to nationals and sometimes residents of these Arabian countries. Although culture, traditions, and Islam strongly stress the importance of women's roles in taking care of the house and raising children, it is a mistake to think that Arabian women are confined to this role. Before Islam there were many successful Arabian businesswomen and they still exist throughout the Arabian region, but because of cultural reasons, they conduct business in an inconspicuous way. A daughter lives at her family house as long as she is not married; once she is married she moves to her husband's home. Sons might move to their own houses when they get married, but at least one son will still live at the family house even if he is married in order to take care of the parents. When a woman gets married there are no changes made to any part of her name.
Arabs teach their children the cultural values and customs since early age. For every age there is an adequate responsibility of social behavior and duties that will expand as they grow older. Children bring joy and smiles to everyone. Family members, relatives, friends, and neighbors share in taking care of each other’s children. Although the responsibility of raising a child naturally lies on the parents, others do join in helping out.
Culture and Customs-Clothing for Women
The majority of Arabian women dress conservatively. Some women dress in clothes that do not cover their faces or hair, while others cover them. For example, a very conservative woman might wear a long black garment called "Abayah" that covers her body from the shoulders down to her feet. Under this cover she could be wearing a traditional Arabian dress in full body length with long sleeves and filled with beautiful beadwork, or she could be wearing the latest style from an internationally known designer. In addition to the Abayah, a very conservative woman would also wear a face and head cover. Some women would wear the Abayah without the head and face cover, while others might wear a scarf-like cover called "Hejab" that covers the hair but not the face.
Customs and Culture-Clothing for Men
The majority of men in the GCC region wear a long sleeved one-piece dress that covers the whole body, called a "Dishdashah" or "Thoub". This garment allows the air to circulate, which helps cool the body during the hot summer days. During summer, the Dishdashah is usually made of white cotton to reflect sunlight. In winter, the Dishdashah is made from heavier fabric such as wool and comes in darker colors. With the Dishdashah men also wear a 3-piece head cover. The bottom piece of this head covering is a white cap that is sometimes filled with holes. This cap, called "Thagiyah", is used to hold the hair in place. On top of the Thagiyah is a scarf-like head cover that comes in two types: a light, white head cover called "Gutrah" which is worn in summer, and a heavy red and white checked head cover called "Shumag" which is worn during winter. These head covers protect the head from direct sunlight and can be used to cover the mouth and the nose during sand storms or cold weather!
. On top of the Thagiyah and the Gutrah is the "Ogal", which is a black band surrounding the top of the head to hold everything else in place. When male children reach puberty they are taught to wear the head covering as a sign for entering manhood. Inside the house, the head covering is not needed; when someone has guests in his house he wears it as a sign of respect.
Culture and Customs- Public Affection
In public, Arabs behave conservatively. Display of affection between spouses is nonexistent. It is a private society and display of ones feelings is kept private. You will also notice that laughter and joking in public is toned down, which is not the case in private gatherings. Arguments between spouses, friends, and people in general are also kept private or conducted in a way that guarantees no one else is aware of it.

Customs and Culture-Social Duties
Society members perform a number of customary social duties. When someone comes back from a trip, his relatives, friends, and neighbors will drop by to greet him. The same happens when someone is ill and confined to his home or staying in a hospital. Everyone will visit him to give moral support, check on him, and keep him company to ease his stay. When visiting an ill person, visitors will usually bring food, chocolate, or fruits, and occasionally flowers. Even when someone is ill and staying at the hospital, his sons, closest relatives, or friends will show hospitality to visitors by serving them refreshments or coffee and chocolate. When two people get married, their relatives, friends, and neighbors will bring gifts, which are usually either money or something that is useful for the newly- established home. When a woman has a new baby, her relatives, friends, and neighbors visit her to congratulate her and to present her with gifts. His relatives, friends, and neighbors to congratulate him also visit the father of the new baby. The mother of the new baby will usually spend the first 40 days after the delivery in her family house, where she will be taken care of by her mother and sisters. The Arabian culture is detail oriented. Ethics and expected social behaviors, like generosity, respect, and caring, are not only definitions but are translated into customs and social duties. On all the occasions I have listed in the previous paragraph, there are customary sentences to be said which correspond with the occasion.